Plate Tectonics Essays - Plate Tectonics, Continental Drift

Plate Tectonics Essays - Plate Tectonics, Continental Drift Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics Since the beginning of human kind there has been a cloud of wonder regarding the origin of our planet. Scientist interested in this field through out the years have developed many different theories to how our planet came about. Before the Twentieth Century, scientist and geologist alike revolved in the idea that Mountain building was due to the massive contractions of the earth caused by the gradual cooling of molten rocks. In 1900, American scientist Joseph Le Conte, published an article in the Appletons Popular Scientific Monthly. He described that the problem in understanding mountain building was establishing the cause of sideways pressure. The most obvious and as yet the most probable view is that it is the result of the secular contraction of the earth which has gone on throughout the whole history and is still going on. (2) It was not until 1910, that an American Geologist named F.B.Taylor, proposed the idea of a continental drift. His scientific peers dismissed Taylors idea, because there was just not enough proof. However, Taylors idea was then resurfaced by a German scientist named Alfred Wegener. He proposed that the continents surrounding the Atlantic Ocean, Africa and South America fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. Wegener was a balloonist, astronomer, explorer, meteorologist, while in his spare time he researched paleontology, geophysics and geology. His broad range of studies enabled him to incorporate his theory of Plate Tectonics. Wegener, later in 1915 while in sick leave from the German military published his idea that interpreted how his continental drift theory worked. He proposed that a huge landamass called Pangea, meaning (all land) existed 200 million years ago. He furthered explained that this super continent began to drift apart very slowly throughout millions of years into what it looks like now. Wegener went on several expeditions through out his life to the continents of South America and Africa. He came back with evidence to support his claim of plate tectonics. Wegener and his expedition brought back rock structures, fossils, and evidence of ancient climates. When it came to rock structures, Wegener looked for the similarities of the rocks found along coastlines and the mountain belts found on the continents. They looked at the mountain belts of the Appalachian Mountains and the Caledonian Mountains in Scandinavia and the British Isles. These two continuos belts contained similar rock structures and the ages of these rocks matched the on both ends of the African and South American continents. Wegener also found evidence of massive climatic changes. He researched and found out that ancient glacial deposits were found indicating that ice sheets covered a large part of the Southern Hemisphere, India and Australia. Wegener's explanation of the glaciation was that the landmasses where all fitted together as a super continent with South Africa centered over the South Pole. (1.) Pag. 474) He furthered explained that the Northern Hemisphere was near the equator supporting the idea of coal deposits being located there. Wegener was more intrigued o f the fact that fossilized remains were being found along South America and Africa. Remains of the aquatic prehistoric dinosaur called Mesosaurus were only found in eastern South America and Africa. Plant remains were also being found. For example the fossil fern Glossopteris were found sparingly throughout Africa, Australia, India, and South America. Furthermore, this plant was found in polar climates, supporting his theory of connected landmasses. Organisms like the Australian Marsupials and the marsupial opossums found in the Americas, which have a definite fossil link also supports Wegeners theory. Alfred Wegeners theories were not immediately accepted by the scientific community. One of his faults was that he could not prove how the continents moved across the globe. Wegeners suggestion was that tidal influence from the moon(1. Pag. 475) was to be credited. However the science community proved him wrong. Eventhough he was in the right direction, he could not completely and precisely determine how the continental drift was accomplished. Therefore, his theories were dropped as rubbish. Essentially, Wegener was ahead of his time. It was not until years later that other scientist cleaned up some of Wegeners mistakes and resurfaced the Plate Tectonics theory. Thanks to the study of magnetism a whole

Using internet newsgroups for online market research Paper

Using internet newsgroups for online market - Research Paper Example It is also through these groups that I will be able to relay information about how easy and convenient it is to access my boots. Being an active member in forums and contributing to important topics will play a major role in establishing links and good relationships. Through discussions and frequently asked questions, I will be able to know people’s likes and preferences as well as the challenges they encounter trying to access business services. This way, I will have the ability to adopt the best marketing strategies that are more appealing to the people and that are likely to increase sales. There are discussion groups that will allow me to advertise my products. This will give me an opportunity to attract potential buyers specifically by insisting on affordability and comfort of my boots. There are various ethical principles that I might violate if I use messages from newsgroups however much it may be difficult to distinguish private space from public space on the internet. For instance, I might violate the principle of ownership. Collecting information and claiming false ownership is unethical. The principle of acquisition might also be violated. Acquiring and using information without the owner’s consent is unethical. Another principle is the principle of identity. Providing false identity so as to acquire permission to use information is ethically inappropriate. The principle of accountability might also be at stake. A person is expected to be accountable for any situation that may arise as a result of using message that he/she did not publish (Josephson, 2010). In my view, there is no ethical problem in using newsgroups for marketing purposes or using messages from discussion forums. According to me, ethical problems are only applicable in most internet related activities if content is used for the wrong reasons such as

CURRENT FINANCIAL CONDITIONS & THE INDUSTRIES Essay

CURRENT FINANCIAL CONDITIONS & THE INDUSTRIES - Essay Example The world leader, who dominated the world at that time, was USA (Still Dominating) had a very strong economy and currency. The global financial crisis crunch came on screen in September 2008, when a number of American giant financial institutions failed to sustain or merge with some other institutions mainly due to not meeting the regulatory requirements or inability to comply with them pertinently. Due to the dominating power and instinct of USA, the country must leave a positive or negative impact on the world economy whenever the country's economy plunges or hike, because the country provides a platform to most of the countries to indulge in exports and imports with each other. American economy mainly emphasizes on credit as even, about every household borrow money for homes and loans frequently. Government of USA didn't apply any limit on the credit cards of the banks which is the main reason the current credit crunch hit them badly. The failure of the major financial institutions like Lehman Brothers and Morgan Stanley and the mortgaging companies like Fannie Mae and Fredric Mac played a vital role to push the United States of America towards the brink of default. The severe crisis in USA left a very bad impact on the economy of the world as a whole and after the plunging of the USA's economy, the economy of every country envisaged a deeper recession. Impact of Financial Crisis on United Kingdom and Current Financial Health: United Kingdom (U.K) is one of the countries which are badly hurt by the current financial turmoil which is the 2nd worst after the 1930's great depression. The estimated gross domestic product of Britain is 1.275 trillion which is 0.63% higher as compared to the last year but the main concern for the country is its deteriorating currency value because the sterling has collapsed against major global currencies by 30%. The economy of UK is in great recession, the said argument can be observed from the current forecast by International Monetary Fund (IMF) for the economy of United Kingdom. The IMF has revised its GDP growth for UK FY 2009 -1.5% to -2.8%. The largest industry in Britain is the financial industries which are the main victims of the financial crisis. The financial sector of the United Kingdom slashed hundreds of thousands of jobs across the country which crosses the amount of 6 million people. A year ago finance officials thought that the British economy had become particularly resilient to shocks, but after the shrinking currency value and persistently condensing deposits in the banks, the perceptions seem to be not working for the Britain. The financial constraints mounting pressure and fear of bankruptcy still intervenes between the banks and borrowers, as the banks of UK are still reluctant to lend the money to the borrowers. The current interest rates of UK's banks are 1% but it is unable to attract the foreign investors as well as the domestic investment influences them to cut down the interest rates further to stress the investors to put their money in the banks. Recently the US did the same and cut the interest rates to 0.25% merely to attract investments. United Kingdom is one of those countries who are heavily relying

What Has Astronomy Done for You Lately Essay Example for Free

What Has Astronomy Done for You Lately Essay In the article â€Å"What has Astronomy done for you lately† it opens my eyes up to all the relative ways astronomy contributes to our society today. It is mentioned in the article that the funding for space launching and research for the program estimates around $8 billion. During these stringent economic times some question regarding the funding of these programs based of the actual need and benefit. Many people seemed to think that there was nothing that the universe actually contributed to our day to day lives. That idea stands to be corrected. In this article it points out several different ways that Astronomy and keeping it funded acts as an instrumental piece in many things that we rely on today. One way astronomy has made a contribution to our daily lives is the use of the GPS. Albert Einstein was an influential part of the creation and use of the GPS system that we know today, based on his theory. The first operational GPS system that was used was in 1978. Due to all the experimental success and the research put into the atomic clocks makes it what we now use today. In being in the era of technology we have done away with paper maps and now rely on GPS to get us to and from our destinations. The GPS has not only assist in saving lives but the industry is also estimated at half a billion dollars. Another attribute of Astronomy was the creation, discovery, and use of wireless internet. It started with a physicist by the name of Stephen Hawking and his predictions and research of the evaporation of black holes. Then after, others attempted to complete his research to find the evaporating black holes. Their attempts came with no success. John O’Sullivan, a physicist, joins a radio physics department after the failed attempt to detect exploding black holes. He and a team design a Fast Fourier Transfer (FFT) chip and receive a patent for it. The FFT chip is then used as a reliable basis of the wireless network. WIFI as we know of today was discovered due to failed attempts of tracking faint signals of exploding black holes. The treatment for cancer is another aspect on which astronomy research has contributed to. Studies were being conducted on how the Sun produces atoms and how various atoms block different wavelengths of light. In 1992 a team of collaborators studied how atoms in the layers of the Sun and other stars interact with the light trying to escape known as the Iron Project which succeed the Opacity Project. Later they discovered that with different wavelengths some atoms interact strongly with radiation especially in the X-ray region. Combining this observation with small amounts of the gold atom correctly placed could flood and kill cancerous tumors. This development could definitely make the treatment of cancer less painful. This article has provided me with a bigger appreciation on the contributions of Astronomy. Just because it isn’t up front and in your face doesn’t mean that it isn’t beneficial to us. From the GPS, Cancer treatment, and Wireless Internet Astronomy has made a large contribution on many aspects of life.

Robert Bells 10 Ordeals of a Takeover :: Essays Papers

Robert Bells 10 Ordeals of a Takeover Companies often face the possibility of being taken over. During the take over many events within the each of the companies will arise. Some examples would be, employees would fear the loss of their job because the other company might not have any use for your position; rumors will start spreading about the merger or takeover that may have been started by individuals who â€Å"leaked† the news; many other events will also arise. In the book Surviving the 10 ordeals of a takeover by Robert Bell, looks at ways that an individual can cope with the takeover of your company or if your company takes over another company. Robert Bell breaks down the 10 major ordeals that a person might face. The First Ordeal: The Niagara of Rumors, is something that almost everyone will face and that is once the word on an impending takeover gets out, the cascade of rumors is â€Å"the major thing that happens† inside executive offices. All rumors are started by operations on Wall Street. The rumors are started because fear and greed become visible. The fear that one might lose their job or the greed that there might be an opportunity lurking out somewhere. There are many ways we can deal with rumors and a few suggestions are (1) Don’t trust anyone or anything for face value; (2) Listen to the existing grapevine and cultivate contacts from cleaning people to former executives from your company; (3) Always ask people on the outside of your company whether they’ve heard anything contrary to what you have been told inside the company; (3) Be very suspicious of official pronouncements, no matter how reliable they’ve been in the past; (4) Always look for anoth er position. Rather than spending too much time â€Å"rumoring,’ use the time to get your resume together an build contacts on the outside. The Second Ordeal: Who are these guys? While rumors are roaring in your ear, you may now be desperate to know one thing and that is who are these people who are taking over? Everyone will have that curiosity. The reasons people will wonder about the new people is because it will affect them in some way in the future. There are many things a person can do to find out about what

What Makes Sammy Run?

What Makes Sammy Run? by Budd Schulberg portrays the life of Sammy Glick – a young and ambitious copy boy who rises to fame as a screenwriter in Hollywood. The name of the novel is significant in itself, for it underlines an age-old question: What makes an individual run? Is it the craving for success? Written in 1941 when the world was relatively quieter in terms of competitive edges, the novel seeks to find an answer to this question. The author does not temper the unethical means Sammy, the protagonist of the novel, resorts to in his run. (Schulberg, p.3)Budd Schulberg completely exposes his main character’s inability to care for others, especially his friends and associates whom he needed during the days of his struggle. Sammy is shown as a person who can go to any extent to fulfill his ambition of attaining the pinnacle of success in Hollywood. He does not mind backstabbing others, even his girlfriend, to reach his long cherished goal, and in the process, make hims elf a victim of self-inflicted loneliness and frustration. This book report is going to present a brief summary of the novel before examining Sammy’s relationship with the narrator Al Manheim.It is also going to make a comparative character analysis of the two, thereby tracing changes in their relation if there is any. The report will also focus emphatically on the end of the novel to investigate Sammy’s situation. Summary What Makes Sammy Run? begins with Al Manheim’s recollection of how he met a teenage Sammy, full of vigor and energy, when the boy was working under him as a copy boy to deliver newspapers. Immediately after he comes to know Sammy personally, he develops a strange attachment for him, partially out of his curiosity to explore the boy’s nature and partially out of his own business interests.However, Sammy regards Al as his best friend and mentor. The story of Sammy’s rise and eventual fall begins when one day he impersonates Manheim and rewrites one of his newspaper columns to impress the managing editor. Thus, Sammy manages to gain a column of his own. Later on, he steals a piece of writing by an aspirant named Julian Blumberg who wishes to make a career in screenwriting profession in Hollywood. This event turns the fortune for Sammy as he is credited for original screenplay of the movie Girl Steals Boy when it hits the theater.The next few years witnesses Sammy climbing the ladder of success and popularity in the most prized seat of stardom in the world. As fate would have it, he hires Blumberg as his ghost writer for a minimal payment. Meanwhile, Manheim comes to know that Catherine ‘Kit’ Sargent, one of the most promising novelists and screenwriters, has developed a crush for Sammy. Although Manheim is emotionally attached to this lady, he is openly told by her that she prefers Sammy to him. In the process tracing Sammy’s frenzied run for success and recognition, Manheim also observes t he power game and corruption that run rampant behind the scene at Hollywood.This is evident from the fact that Sidney Fineman, one of the revered producers around, gets victimized by Sammy, loses his job and dies, apparently of a broken heart. Moreover, Sammy goes about his mindless business of securing his career and personal life in the indignant manner imaginable when he decides to dump his girlfriend to marry Laurette, the daughter of a wealthy Wall Street banker Harrington. This marriage proves to be a disaster for Sammy as Laurette sees it no better than a business affair. Eventually Sammy finds his heart empty – as empty as the big mansion he owes, and orders for getting him a prostitute.Sammy’s relationship with Manheim – Comparison between Two Characters As mentioned earlier, Sammy and Manheim share a relationship of friendship and mentorship. However, reversal of roles and values is one of the major themes in the novel as the mutual dependency between Sammy and Manheim changes in the course of it. It is Sammy who is employed under Manheim in the beginning, but later on Manheim finds himself writing screenplays for Sammy. Again, Manheim is of moderate disposition in comparison with Sammy’s aggressive demeanor.He is portrayed as an observer whereas Sammy is the go-getter in modern corporate terminology. Sammy in the End The ending of What Makes Sammy Run? renders an incisive thrust to the very conscience of its readers. Schulberg gives his protagonist the life he truly deserves after fiddling around with other people’s careers and emotions. So it can be said that the author, with somewhat ironic affection, puts a brake to Sammy Glick’s running wheels of fortune by making him suffer for his actions. References Schulberg, Budd. (1993). What Makes Sammy Run?. New York: Vintage.

Analysis Of The Documentary Crips And Bloods - 1241 Words

The documentary Crips and Bloods: Made in America (2008) focuses on conditions and causes of gang violence in Los Angeles, California, as well as the history and background of the main gangs that reside there. The information in the film is compiled from interviews of past and present members of the Crips and Bloods, which are the two main gangs that contribute to the violence in the area. The interviewees explain how the gangs work and the conditions under which these people live daily. There can be parallels drawn from the film to Elijah Anderson’s article titled â€Å"The Code of the Streets†, published in 1994, that discusses violence in terms of gang and criminal activity. Anderson’s article talks about the different elements that†¦show more content†¦Anderson posits that this is a major reason why they join gangs; they want to earn their â€Å"manhood† or at least learn what it means to be a man. This leads to them getting a twisted idea of what it is to be a true man (Anderson 14-16). Another issue that Anderson discusses is the growing intensity of girls becoming more violent in reaction to different types of threats to respect such as rumors and gossip. While Anderson does say girls are less prone to killing others based on these issues, there is still a rise in fighting amongst those in the areas these gangs run rampant (Anderson 16-18). Finally, Anderson ends his article with a final component in which gang members try to earn a reputation for being â€Å"bad† as they call it. This comes down to the willingness to perform risky behaviors, and how little they fear death as a result of their activities (Anderson 18-19). Anderson terms this kind of culture to be an oppositional culture (Anderson 20). The film Crips and Bloods seems to agree with Anderson on many different aspects of his theory. The first is the concept of respect. During the film, one of the interviewees refers to the need to gain respect on t he streets and give respect to those who deserve it. For example, one of the members discusses the fact that they want people to fear them and this translates as respect to them. While the film didn’t hit on this concept in as much urgency as Anderson does, it is a point of agreement.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Crips And The Bloods Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pages In Crips and the Bloods we see multiple examples of labels continuing crime. First off, most of the children born in this area are black and poor. Already they are labeled and stereotyped as being dangerous to communities, useless to society, and destined for failure. One man says â€Å"I grew up in the hood, I was born in the hood, I was raised in the hood, and I’m going to die in the hood. I didn’t choose my destiny, my destination chose me† (Peralta, 2008). This phrase demonstrates the power of aRead MoreThe War On Drugs Is A New Form Of Jim Crow870 Words   |  4 Pages have created privile ges and limitations. As the narrative may explain, the War on Drugs is a new form of Jim Crow. Such as that Jim Crow laws were effectively placed to stigmatize black people, the War on Drugs runs a parallel concept. In the documentary Bastards of the Party, illustrates how drug laws are race policy. Mr. Sloan, the narrator, depicts how drugs in his neighborhood were a vertically integrated business; only the youth in black communities were being hired as the labor market. SpeculatorsRead MoreInfluence Of Gangs On Adolescents2333 Words   |  10 Pagesdifferent films, Crips and Bloods, A Better Life, and Gran Torino. The films each explore the social settings of three distinct minority groups; the paper notes and describes several similarities among the groups. These include widespread poverty, discrimination from the dominant social order, and the lack of availability of normal social opportunities. The General Theory of Crime is examined and used to explain why these minority ado lescents act out the way they do. This analysis is an attempt toRead MoreAn Analysis of Asian Gangs Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of Asian Gangs Lets say youre by yourself on the subway in New York City. You get on and its not that crowded, theres a bunch of open seats. As you look around, you notice that the car is filled with mainly high school aged kids, mostly boys. On one side there is a spot next to a bunch of African Americans, on the other side its a posse of Asians. Okay, so where are you going to sit? Next to the Asians I bet. What if it was Latinos instead of Blacks, chances are you would